Application of Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure Perfluorohexanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Devices in Electrochemical Energy Storage Equipment

I. Product Introduction of Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (FK-5-1-12) Fire Extinguishing Agent

Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone (FK-5-1-12) fire extinguishing agent is a colorless, odorless, transparent liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point of approximately 49°C and an evaporation latent heat about 1/25 that of water, making it highly volatile. It features high extinguishing efficiency (comparable to Halon-1301), zero ozone depletion potential (ODP=0), a low global warming potential (GWP=1), a NOAEL of 10%, and excellent insulation properties.
Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone has been used in developed countries such as Europe and America for over 20 years and is listed as a clean agent fire extinguishing medium in the American National Fire Protection Association standard (NFPA 2001). Due to its superior characteristics including convenient transportation, good compatibility, environmental friendliness, high extinguishing efficiency, and low toxicity, it is considered the most promising fire extinguishing agent to date for comprehensively replacing transitional halon agents like HFC-227ea (heptafluoropropane) and HFC-23 (trifluoromethane).

★ Fire Extinguishing Mechanism of Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone

Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone exhibits excellent fire suppression effects through a combination of physical and chemical actions, which can be divided into three processes:

First: Cooling and Extinguishing: When the liquid agent is atomized and discharged at high speed, it vaporizes upon contact with heat. Due to its large heat of vaporization capacity, it possesses strong heat absorption capability, rapidly depriving the flame of heat and disrupting the fire tetrahedron equilibrium.

Second: Suffocation and Extinguishing: Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone has a high density. During its suspended descent, it can isolate oxygen from the air around the flame.

Third: Chemical Inhibition and Extinguishing: It can capture free radicals involved in the combustion chain reaction, terminating the chain reaction of flame propagation.

II. Product Advantages of Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Fire Extinguishing Agent

III. Application Pain Points of Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone and Our Company's Solutions

A major issue with current mainstream perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone fire suppression systems, both domestically and internationally, is the requirement for high-pressure storage tanks to contain the agent or the use of piping systems for long-distance delivery. This leads to high equipment costs. Furthermore, due to the high-pressure nature, these systems cannot be used in special fields such as aircraft and naval vessels. Additionally, in areas like data centers and cultural heritage preservation, high-pressure systems pose a risk of damaging the protected objects.

Addressing the current application pain points of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone, our company's series of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone fire extinguishing devices fully adhere to the core principle of utilizing the agent at normal temperature and pressure. They offer significant advantages in terms of device cost, safety, flexibility, and extinguishing effectiveness. The comprehensive application of our normal temperature and pressure perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone product portfolio is suitable for fire suppression needs in enclosed, semi-enclosed, and confined spaces.

IV. Function Introduction of Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device

• The Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device uses perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone as the extinguishing agent, capable of discharging the agent in a mist or jet stream to achieve fire suppression. It primarily consists of a normal temperature/pressure storage tank, agent delivery piping, a discharge system, optional sensor combinations, and optional communication modules.
• The discharge system contains a high-speed pump. Upon activation, rapid rotation creates negative pressure, drawing the agent from the storage tank and discharging it through the nozzle as a mist or jet into the protected space for rapid, non-damaging fire suppression.
• The nozzle system can employ rotating nozzles or be installed within a structure allowing 360° horizontal and limited vertical rotation (similar to a fire monitor) to achieve fire point scanning and positioning. To meet installation requirements in enclosed and confined spaces, a customizable, modularly connectable nozzle system is also available.
• The key improvement of the overall device is the provision of one or more normal temperature/pressure perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone storage units (agent capacity can be flexibly expanded based on site requirements), each paired with an agent pump discharge system. Each discharge system supports various nozzle types depending on the protected object. The system supports communication functions, automatically triggering an alarm upon activation, and can integrate with fire alarm control panels. It offers comprehensive functions including automatic detection, alarm, activation, and manual start.

V. Structural Diagram of Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device

Notes:

1. The storage tank is made of plastic material, with customizable appearance and dimensions.
2. The nozzle supports rotating types or can be selected with automatic fire tracking and positioning capability. To meet fire suppression requirements in confined spaces, a customizable, modularly connectable and expandable nozzle system is also supported.
3. The system can be manually activated and also supports联动启动 with fire预警 sensors (e.g., fiber optic temperature sensors, thermal runaway sensors, composite gas sensors).

VI. Supporting Sensors and Communication Methods for the Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device

Application of Early Warning Sensors enables提前探测,提前工作, ensuring fires are eliminated in their incipient stage!

Based on the fire detection needs of the application scenario, the jet fire extinguishing device can be manually activated,联动启动 with a fire alarm control panel, or activated based on the alarm output from one or a combination of the following sensors:

• Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor
• Multi-point Contact Temperature Sensor (composed of DS18B20)
• Composite Gas Sensor: CO, H2, VOC, Smoke Concentration
• Ambient Temperature Sensor
• Smoke Sensor
• Thermal Runaway Sensor
• Flame Detection Sensor

VII. Fire Characteristics of Electrochemical Energy Storage Equipment and Current Fire Protection Standards Status

Electrochemical energy storage technology, with advantages such as short construction time, long energy storage duration, mature battery technology, and fast charge/discharge rates, has become the mainstream energy storage method.
    The rapid development of electrochemical energy storage contrasts with the slow progress of its配套的消防系统. Battery fires differ from any other type, forming a complex fire involving gas (Class C), liquid (Class B), and solid (Class A) combustion during the process. Traditional energy storage fires often employ HFC-227ea gas extinguishing systems, which are highly ineffective and completely fail to achieve fire suppression with sustained cooling to inhibit re-ignition.
      Regarding standards, multiple standards have been issued from 2018 to the present. However, with the rapid development of energy storage, these standards no longer cover all aspects, especially with a severe lack of standards related to energy storage fire protection.

The latest development is the implementation of the national standard "Safety Code for Electrochemical Energy Storage Stations" starting July 1, 2023. Theoretically, this moves energy storage fire protection from recommended to mandatory configuration, shifting the product level from container-level to PACK-level. The minimum protection unit for automatic fire suppression systems is the battery module, and each battery module should preferably be equipped with individual detectors and灭火介质喷头.

VIII. Fire Protection Requirements for Energy Storage Scenarios and Opportunities for Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Fire Extinguishing Devices

According to the "Technical Requirements for Safety of Electrochemical Energy Storage Power Stations," fire suppression systems for lithium iron phosphate batteries should be capable of extinguishing a single battery fire within 10 seconds. For electrochemical energy storage stations using lead-acid or lead-carbon batteries, the system should extinguish a single battery fire within 5 seconds, with no re-ignition within 24 hours. Detection is the prerequisite for system activation. Comparative tests have been conducted using various探测方式 including fiber optic temperature measurement systems, combustible gas detection, composite detectors, fire detection tubes, heat-sensitive cables, thermal wire detection, and other market-available methods.

Based on research by the Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance, perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone can quickly extinguish open flames and possesses certain cooling efficacy. However, if a sufficient agent concentration and adequate浸渍时间 cannot be maintained, it cannot suppress lithium battery thermal runaway. This means ordinary high-pressure discharge perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone extinguishers cannot provide controlled agent discharge. In contrast, the Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device, by搭配必要的现场传感器, can meet the requirements for controlled perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone application in lithium battery fire scenarios, providing sufficient concentration and discharge duration (volume).

IX. Urgent Issues in Electrochemical Energy Storage Fire Protection and Overview of Our Company's Solution

Through research on power industry fire protection and in-depth understanding of energy storage battery fire causes and effective suppression methods, coupled with extensive experimental studies and end-user communication, our company has identified two major urgent issues in current electrochemical energy storage fire protection:

1. Detection Aspect:

Current energy storage fire detection is relatively单一, typically using smoke and temperature detectors. If only these two sensors are installed in an electrochemical energy storage container,报警作用 only occurs after the battery has already undergone complete thermal runaway, with temperature and smoke spreading throughout the container. This完全起不到报警的作用, serving merely as "事后通知".

2. Fire Suppression Aspect:

Current energy storage fire protection often employs HFC-227ea total flooding systems. Due to the特殊性 of battery fires, HFC-227ea can only extinguish open flames but完全无法改善电池的热失控现象. The focus of energy storage container fire suppression lies in inhibiting battery thermal runaway to prevent re-ignition and impact on other正常 batteries. As stated above, perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone is currently the optimal choice for electrochemical energy storage fire protection.

★ Solution Overview

The Electrochemical Energy Storage Equipment Fire Protection Solution adheres to the principle of "早发现、早处置". It primarily utilizes a fiber optic continuous temperature measurement system,配合多参数气体传感器 and other on-site sensors, to conduct超前探测预警 of the initial stage of thermal runaway in energy storage batteries within the container,扑灭火灾在萌芽阶段!

X. Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Electrochemical Energy Storage Cabinet/Container-Level Fire Suppression System

Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone top discharge, total flooding fire suppression for the energy storage cabinet. Supports intermittent discharge for sustained cooling after continuous discharge.

XI. Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Electrochemical Energy Storage Cabinet Pack-Level Fire Suppression System

Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone pack-level fire suppression system, total flooding fire suppression for each energy storage battery cabinet. Supports intermittent discharge for sustained cooling after continuous discharge for each cabinet.

XII. Advantages and Features of Our Company's Electrochemical Energy Storage Equipment Fire Protection Solution

1. Precise Monitoring: Incipient fire condition prediction, online monitoring of multiple lithium battery thermal runaway characteristic substances (continuous fiber optic temperature measurement, composite gas sensors, thermal runaway sensors, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, etc.), accurately感知锂电池热失控状态.
2. Heat Absorption and Cooling: Sufficient discharge of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone for fire suppression, providing non-damaging cooling for batteries and electronic equipment.
3. Thermal Runaway Inhibition: Multiple controlled discharges of perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone to抑制热失控.
4. Customized Nozzle System: Dedicated fluid delivery hoses, quick connectors, and customized nozzle combinations support on-site cutting and rapid installation. Custom nozzles support rapid atomization to加快灭火速度.
5. The nozzle system can be installed inside battery boxes for close-range perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone discharge onto battery packs (pack-level system).

XIII. Typical Application Scenarios for Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device

1. High-voltage switchgear cabinets, big data server cabinets.
2. Aircraft cargo holds and ship cabins.
3. Electrochemical energy storage containers.
4. Large wind turbines.
5. Museums, archives, and other venues with special asset preservation requirements.

To meet fire suppression needs in different locations, the extinguishing agent capacity, pump specifications, nozzle system, etc., of the Normal Temperature & Pressure Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-pentanone Jet Fire Extinguishing Device can be flexibly configured based on on-site requirements.